Bihar: The Vishnupad Temple, an ancient Hindu shrine located in Gaya, Bihar, holds immense spiritual and historical significance. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, the temple is famed for housing the sacred footprint of the deity, which is said to mark the site where Lord Vishnu subdued the demon Gayasura. Situated on the banks of the Phalgu River, Vishnupad is not only a revered religious site but also an important destination for pilgrims seeking salvation and performing Shraddha rites.
The Sacred Footprint of Lord Vishnu
The Vishnupad Temple is primarily known for its 40 cm-long footprint, believed to be that of Lord Vishnu, carved into a block of basalt. This footprint, known as Dharmasila, is said to have been imprinted when Lord Vishnu placed his foot on Gayasura’s chest, pinning him underground after the demon sought a boon that allowed anyone who saw him to attain salvation. According to legend, Vishnu’s intervention prevented immoral individuals from attaining liberation, thus maintaining the sanctity of the path to Moksha. The temple’s footprint, surrounded by nine sacred symbols including the Shankham (conch), Chakram (discus), and Gadham (mace), all symbolic of Lord Vishnu’s divine weapons, is a central focus for worshippers.
The Origin and History of Vishnupad Temple
While the exact date of the temple’s construction remains unclear, it is believed that the temple was originally visited by Lord Rama and Sita. The present-day structure, however, was rebuilt in 1787 by the esteemed Maratha ruler Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar. Known for her religious devotion, she meticulously selected the materials and commissioned the construction of the temple, using black stone sourced from the region of Munger and the village of Bathani. Skilled craftsmen from Rajasthan were brought in to carve the stones, and the temple was assembled at its current location in Gaya. Today, the Vishnupad Temple stands as a marvel of architecture, with its graceful pyramid-shaped tower rising 100 feet above the ground.
The Shrine and its Iconography
The temple is built of large granite blocks, joined together with iron clamps, and features eight rows of intricately carved pillars that support the pavilion. The octagonal shrine faces east, with a silver-coated basin surrounding the sacred footprint of Lord Vishnu in the Garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum). The temple’s towering structure, adorned with sloping sides, creates a series of peaks that add to the architectural splendour. Atop the temple stands a 50 kg gold flag, donated by a devotee, symbolising the divine presence of Lord Vishnu.
A unique feature within the temple complex is the Akshayavat (immortal banyan tree), where final rituals for the departed are performed. This tree is an essential part of the temple’s religious significance, offering a place for pilgrims to perform last rites for their ancestors, further enhancing the temple’s status as the centre for Shraddha rites in Gaya.
The Role of Vishnupad Temple in Shraddha Rituals
Vishnupad Temple is renowned for its central role in the Shraddha rituals, an important Hindu tradition performed for the peace and salvation of departed souls. Pilgrims visit the temple to perform these rites, especially during the Pitrapaksha period, when thousands come to Gaya to offer food and prayers for their ancestors. The temple is believed to be one of the most powerful places for Pind Daan (the offering of rice balls), which is said to ensure the souls of the departed attain peace and liberation. The custom of offering food to Gayasura, the demon who remains trapped beneath the earth, also continues as a part of these rituals, with devotees ensuring he is fed daily to prevent his release.
A Landmark for Pilgrims and Tourists
Vishnupad Temple has long been a destination for devotees seeking spiritual solace and tourists eager to explore its historical and architectural beauty. Located on the banks of the Phalgu River, the temple is an essential stop for pilgrims visiting Gaya, which is one of the holiest cities in India. The temple is also a key location for the Gayawal Brahmins, the traditional priests of the temple, who have been caretakers of this sacred site for generations.
Visitors to the temple can climb the 1,000 steps that lead to the top of Brahmajuni Hill, which offers a breathtaking panoramic view of Gaya city and the Vishnupad Temple. The climb is not only a physical journey but also a spiritual one, offering pilgrims the chance to meditate and reflect on their journey as they make their way to the summit.
How to Visit Vishnupad Temple: A Tour Guide
1. Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit Vishnupad Temple is during the winter months (October to March), when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for sightseeing and pilgrimage. The temple is particularly busy during the Pitrapaksha period (typically in September), when thousands of pilgrims arrive to perform Shraddha rituals.
2. Location and Accessibility:
Vishnupad Temple is located in Gaya, Bihar, and is easily accessible by road, rail, and air. Gaya Railway Station is the nearest major railway station, located about 2 km from the temple. Gaya Airport is approximately 7 km away, offering domestic flights to and from major cities like Delhi and Kolkata. The temple is well-connected to other parts of Gaya by local transport and taxis.
3. Dress Code and Etiquette:
As a sacred site, visitors are expected to dress modestly when entering the temple. It is recommended to wear traditional Indian attire, though Western attire is also acceptable as long as it is respectful. Footwear should be removed before entering the temple premises.
4. Temple Timings:
The Vishnupad Temple is open to visitors every day from early morning until late afternoon. The temple can get crowded during religious festivals, so it is advisable to arrive early in the morning to avoid the rush.
5. Nearby Attractions:
Apart from the Vishnupad Temple, visitors to Gaya can explore other religious and cultural sites, including the famous Mahabodhi Temple (where Buddha attained enlightenment), the Bodhi Tree, and the Thai Monastery. The nearby Brahmajuni Hill also offers hiking opportunities and panoramic views of the surrounding area.
6. Pilgrimage and Rituals:
For pilgrims, the Vishnupad Temple is a must-visit site during the Pitrapaksha period for performing Shraddha rites. Special arrangements are made for those wishing to offer Pind Daan at the temple, and local priests are available to assist with the rituals.
